Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of distal symmetric polyneuropathy (DSP) and the role of physical examination for neuropathy diagnosis in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out from 2009 to 2010. A total of 107 patients with type 2 diabetes were evaluated using the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI). MNSI consists of two parts: History and physical assessment. History was focused on positive (burning, tingling) and negative (numbness) sensory symptoms, cramps and muscle weakness, foots ulcers or cracks, and prior diagnoses of diabetic neuropathy by a physician. Physical assessment was determined from foot appearance, ulceration, ankle reflexes, vibratory perception and monofilament testing.Results: A total of 72 women and 35 men were participated in this study. The frequency of neuropathy diagnosed based on physical assessment was 78.5%. The mean age was 57.6 (±10.2) and the mean duration of diabetes was 10.2 (±7.3) years. Ankle reflexes were not observed in both both foot in 67% of patients. Vibration perception was absent in 25% of patients. Monofilament testing was normal in 86% of patients in both feet.Conclusion: The results showed a key role of physical examination in diagnosis of DSP in diabetic patients. The high frequency of DSP among diabetic patients demonstrated the importance of annual screening, further evaluations, planning and management of patients in diabetic foot clinics. However, considering the results of this study, the sensitivity of monofilament test in screening of DSP is questionable.

Background: The expansion of the use of audio and video media technology has faced society with many medical, cultural and economic challenges. In the meantime, excessive use of mobile phones can cause many problems. Objective: The aim of this study was to construct and validate a questionnaire on physical and psychological injuries of mobile phones. Method: The method of the present study was descriptive-correlational and confirmatory factor analysis. The statistical population of the study consisted of all citizens of Khorramabad with a diploma or higher in 1399, which was selected as a statistical sample by available sampling method of 200 people online and virtual. Results: The results showed that the factorized physical and psychological harm questionnaire of cell phone with 42 questions and 10 components (fear of loss, vibration syndrome, duck syndrome, nomophobia, insomnia, hearing problem, eye syndrome, tunnel and neck syndrome SMS) and has good reliability, validity and flexibility in terms of psychometrics. Discussion and Conclusion: The questionnaire of factor analysis of physical and psychological injuries of mobile phones can be used to identify and study the physical and psychological injuries of mobile phones.

ABSTRACT Despite a wide range of components and criteria affecting travel behavior presented through empirical research, the results of these studies are inconclusive, which could be due to the difference between these components and criteria in the study areas. Therefore, this research presented a method to determine which factors in different physical developments affect travel behavior due to the differences in various physical developments. The required information was collected through 271 questionnaires at the level of three neighborhoods of Monirieh, Koye Bimeh, and Koye Golestan in Tehran, Iran, as the old, conventional, and new neighborhoods, respectively. ANOVA test was exerted to analyze the significant difference between different development patterns in three neighborhoods. Dunnett's T3 was applied to determine which neighborhood caused the difference between groups. Also, the factors affecting travel behavior were obtained based on exploratory factor analysis indicators. Finally, by comparing the results of the ANOVA test and regression analysis, it was discovered that factors such as car ownership, dependence and pro-liking for private cars, density and access to educational centers and parks, access to medical and service centers, and variety and density of retail stores had been introduced as the factors affecting travel behavior due to the differences in development patterns. However, proximity to the public transportation station, accessibility preferences in choosing a residence, dependence, and pro-liking for other than a private car, having a license, number of children under five years old, and age have influenced travel behavior regardless of the variation between neighborhoods. Extended Abstract Introduction Finding factors affecting travel behavior has been one of the main concerns of transportation planners. However, in the last two decades, the importance of the influence of the features of the built environment, including land use, along with demographic-economic characteristics, travel behavior, and attitudes of people, has been raised by urban planners. Studies seek to find factors affecting travel behavior, especially land use characteristics. Despite presenting a wide range of components and criteria affecting travel behavior, the results of the studies are inconclusive, which could be due to the difference between these components and criteria in the study areas. Therefore, this research presented a method to determine which factors in different physical developments affect travel behavior due to the differences in various physical developments. In order to do this, it must first be determined whether the study areas/different development patterns have a significant difference in terms of travel behavior or not. In case of a positive answer to the previous question, the following question is which study areas caused this difference. The next question arises: -Which physical and non-physical characteristics affect travel behavior due to distinctions between different development patterns?   Methodology The present research method is analytical and experimental based on quantitative methods. This research chose the frequency of travel by private car, public transportation, and walking as the travel behavior. According to the research's purpose, indicators and criteria affecting travel behavior were extracted after reviewing the theoretical and experimental literature. Then, the required information was collected through 271 questionnaires at the level of three neighborhoods of Monirieh, Koye Bimeh, and Koye Golestan as the old, conventional, and new neighborhoods, respectively. The questionnaire was compiled as a Likert scale in five parts of travel information, demographic-economic characteristics, perceptual characteristics of land use, travel habits, and access preferences of people in choosing their residence. ANOVA test was used to analyze the significant difference between different groups of a characteristic (here, different development patterns or the three case studies). Dunnett T3 was exerted to determine which neighborhood caused the difference between groups. Also, the factors affecting travel behavior were obtained based on exploratory factor analysis indicators. Finally, by comparing the results of the ANOVA test and regression analysis, it was discovered which factors affecting travel behavior were due to the differences in study areas and which factors affect travel behavior regardless of development patterns.   Results and discussion This research aims to identify the factors affecting travel behavior due to the differences in development patterns. In this regard, the findings in line with the first research question show that the frequency of three modes of travel, by private car, transportation, and pedestrian, differ significantly in the three neighborhoods. Furthermore, ANOVA test results depict that there is a significant difference between these three neighborhoods in terms of factors affecting travel behavior, such as perceptually environmental characteristics of the neighborhood, dependence and pro-liking for personal cars, variety and density of retail stores, density and access to educational units and parks, access to medical and service centers, and car ownership. Finally, by comparing the results of the ANOVA test with the regression analysis assessing the relationship between physical and non-physical factors (the same indicators in the same study areas) with travel behavior, the factors affecting travel behavior owing to different development patterns were identified. Factors such as car ownership, dependence and pro-liking for private cars, density and access to educational units and parks, access to medical and service centers, and variety and density of retail stores have been introduced as the factors affecting travel behavior due to the differences in development patterns. However, proximity to the public transportation station, accessibility preferences in choosing a place of residence, dependence, and pro-liking for other than a private car, having a certificate, number of children under five years old, and age have influenced on travel behavior regardless of the variation between neighborhoods (different physical development patterns).   Conclusion In In order to discover the factors affecting travel behavior due to the differences in patterns of physical development, this research has provided a more detailed analysis of the factors affecting travel behavior. It has achieved more accurate components than previous studies in this regard. Detailed analysis of studies related to travel behavior and finding the main components affecting it, considering the extent of variables and data, can pave the way for professionals in transportation planning and urban planning, in addition to providing detailed methods and criteria in the related literature.   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none.   Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments  We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

Background & aim: Cardiac auscultation is one of the most useful investigative tools that the physician may use at the bedside to detect alterations in cardiovascular anatomy and physiology.However, the sensitivity and specificity vary substantially with the expertise of the examiner. The aim of this study comparing the initial evaluations of heart murmurs in neonates between neonatologist and pediatric cardiologist.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 108 neonates admitted in Be’sat and Fatemieh Hospitals of Hamadan, Iran, in 2010. First, a neonatologist recorded their clinical evaluation (Pathologic, Likely pathologic, Innocent). Then, a Pediatric cardiologist recorded the infants’ clinical evaluation. Finally, echocardiography study was performed by the cardiologists for final diagnosis. The data were analyzed by SPSS version 16 and the using Chi-square.Results: In this study, 67 patients (62%) had pathologic murmur. Clinical findings of pathological murmur by neonatologist and cardiologist are 98% sensitivity versus 87.2%; 84.2% specificity vs.100%; 94.1% the positive predictive value vs.100%; and 94% negative predictive value vs.85.4%, respectively.Conclusion: Evaluations of examination show no significant difference between neonatologists and cardiologists. Hence, echocardiography is the standard for establishing the cause of murmur.

Introduction & Objective: Paying attention to health and education of todays children, Can guarantee the future of the society. Since school children constitute a big portion of the population, paying attention to their health in school is an absolute requirement. This article is an attempt to study the result of health examination of children who were to enter first grade elementary school in Yasuj and Gachsaran. The aim was to promote the quality of school health through more efficient planning. Materials & Methods: This study is of descriptive type in which the results of medical examination of 2846 children, who were due to enter first grade in academic year 1379-80,are reviewed. The examination was carried out by Gps in Yasuj and Gachsaran. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS. Results: The means of height and weight were 113-8 ± 4.9 and 18.47 ± 3.36, respectively. The means among boys were greater than girls. The means of primary and permanent dental decay were %3.6 ± 3.2 and %0.12 ± 0.38, respectively. Both were seen to be greater in Yasuj than Gachsaran. Disorders seen were an follows: Visual 8.8%, hearing 2.4%, nail biting 1.9%, dysphasia 1.2%, enuresis 3.6%, aggressiveness 1.2%, depression 1.2%, Iron deficiency anemia 6.3% and parasite infestation 11.83%. The polio vaccine was the most incompletely received vaccine with 7.64%.The rate of incomplete courses of vaccination or zero vaccination. Was higher in Yasuj than in Gachsaran. The highest frequency of diseases in this population belonged to Fauvism, Febrile convulsion Epilepsy, Goiter, Cardio vascular diseases, thalassemia and asthma. Conclusion: The low weights of children in this study, as compared with the established percentile standards and similar studies are indicating of malnutrition of our population. Also, considering the existing common disease in the region, proper planning for early diagnosis and treatment seems to be urgent.